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No. 6|8,85|. Patentedfeb. 7, I899. E. E. UUNBAR.

PORTABLE BUILDING.

(Application filed Apr. 1s, 1898.)

2 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Mndel.)

m: uonms PETERS no PHOTO-LIYHQ. WASHINGTON n4 4:.

- No. saw-5|.

Patented Feb. 7 I899. E. E. DUNBAR.

PORTABLE BUILDING- (Application filed Apr. 18, 1898.)

2 Sheeis-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

.1 r 7% m m w m m. A fi W STATES EMMERSON E. DUNBAR, OF DELTA, OHIO,ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO STEPHEN A. LUTHY, OF SAME PLACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 618,851, dated February'7, 1899.

Application filed April 18, 1898- Serial No. 678,022. (No model.)

To aZZ whont it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMMERSON E. DUNBAR, a citizen of the United States,residing at Delta, in the county of Fulton and State of Ohio, haveinvented a new and useful Portable Building, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to building construction, and has for its object toprovide a portable sectional building adapted to be assembled, knockeddown, and transported with facility,the parts being so braced andconnected as to be mutually supporting and to effectually exclude rain,snow, and wind.

Further objects and advantages of this invention will appear in thefollowing description, and the novel features thereof will beparticularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a buildingconstructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a centrallongitudinal section of the same. Fig. 3 is a horizontal invertedsection taken in the plane of the upper side-wall tie-rods, as indicatedby the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a partial transverse verticalsection on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a detail longitudinalsection of the joint between two contiguous roofsections on the line 5 5of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is an inverted perspective view of one of the roofsections.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in all thefigures of the drawings. 1

The structure embodying my invention consists of sectional side and endwalls secured together with interlocking joints at their meeting edges,a sectional roof having its members similarly interlocked at theircontiguous edges, and suitably-overhanging plates at the upper edges ofthe side walls to exclude wind and rain and give a suitable amount ofventilation. In the construction illustrated the building is of thegable type, as being specially adapted for the purposes for which myinvention is designed; but it will be understood that I do not desire tobe limited strictly either in this feature or as to Referring to thedrawings, the side walls consist of terminal sections 1 and anintermediate section'l, it being understood that any desired number ofintermediate sections may be employed to suit the size of the buildingwhich is to be constructed. The end walls consist of sections 2 and theroof of terminal and intermediate sections 3 and 3.

Each side-wall section comprises a framework consisting of a plate 4.and a sill 5, con nected by vertical studs 6, and a light boarding 7 orthe equivalent thereof, said boarding being preferably coveredexteriorly by a sheathing 8, of sheet metal or the equivalent thereof.The sheathing-sections at the contiguous edges of adjoiningwall-sections are provided with interlocking edges, formed in theconstruction illustrated by upturning the edges'and folding one of theedges to receive the other. For instance, the edge of one of twoadjoining sheathing-sections is upturned to form a flange 9, and theedge of the other sheathing-section is also upturned, but is doubledupon itself to form a parallel walled groove 10, inwhich the flange ofthe firstnamed'section is fitted to break the joint, and thus excludeair and moisture.

The end-wall sections are constructed similarly to theside-wallseetions, with the exception that the plates are omitted, saidwalls thus comprising sill sections 11, studding 12, boarding 13, andexterior sheathing 14, the contiguous edges of adjoining end-wallsections being interlocked, as hereinbefore described in connectionwith-the side-wall sheathing-sections.

The roof-sections consist of rafters 15, connected at-their beveledupper ends by ridgepole sections 16, boarding 17, and sheathingsections18, said rafters being shouldered contiguous to their lower ends to restupon the side-wall plates 4, as in the ordinary building construction. IThe contiguous edges of the sheathing-sections 18 are also interlocked,as hereinbefore described in connection with the side-wallsheathing-sections, and the upper edges of the sheathing-sections 18 areso constructed as to break joint at the comb of the roof. Theconstruction which is illustrated in the drawings embodies thetermination of the sheathing-plates on the roof-sections of one side ofthe roof flush with the upper edges of the roof-boarding 17, while thesheathing-plates on the roof-sections of the other side of the roof areextended beyond the upper edge of the boarding and are flanged, as shownat 19, to overlap and break joint with the upper edges of the sheathingon the first-named roof-sections. The upper edges of the boarding on thesecond-named sections, however, abut against the under surfaces of theboarding of the first-named sections. This constitutes a doublebreakjoint, which I have found to be effective in connection withconstruction of this class.

The means which I employ for maintaining the above-described wall androof sections in their proper relative positions include longitudinalupper and lower side-wall tie-rods 20 and 21, longitudinal upper andlower roof tierods 22 and 23, and upper and lower transverse or end-walltie-rods 24 and 25. The corresponding side and end wall tie-rods arearranged in contiguous horizontal planes,with their remote extremitiesextending through the walls of the structure and headed to bear againstthe exterior surfaces thereof. For instance,the side-wall tie-rodsextend through registering openings in the side-wall studding and alsothrough alined openingsin the end-wall sections and are headed, as shownat 20 and 21, and the end-wall tie-rods extend through alined openingsin the studding l2 and in the side-wall sections and are correspondinglyheaded in contact with the exterior surfaces of the side walls.Correspondingly, the upper and lower roof tie-rods extend throughregistering openings in the rafters and also through alined openings inthe end-wall sections and are terminally headed in contact with theexterior surfaces of said section. This system of tie-rods thus has theeffect of securing the absolute alinement of the several sectionscomprising each wall of the structure and also the proper maintenance ofthe outer edges of the side and end wall sections in operative contact,and by flanging the outer edges of the terminal side-wallsheathing-plates, as shown at 26, to overlap the contiguous edges of theend-wall sheathing-plates an effective breakjoint is formed, whichexcludes moisture and wind at those points. It is desirable, however, toso construct the tie-rods as to provide for their manufacture at aminimum cost and at the same time facilitate their engagement anddisengagement in the operation of assembling and disconnecting themembers of the structure. In order to accomplish this, I construct thetie-rods in sections, which belong to and are carried, respectively, bythe several wall and roof sections. For instance, each sidewall tie-rodconsists of a plurality of tie-bolt or tie-rod sections, correspondingin number with the sidewall sections, and upon each intermediateside-wall section is arranged a plurality of right and left threadednuts 27, into which the inner threaded extremities of the outer tie-boltsections are fitted. These nuts may be and preferably are carried by theintermediate tie-bolt sections, into which the extremities of saidintermediate sections are threaded in order that additional adjustmentmay be made at these points; but under any circumstances said nuts areconnected by intermediate tie-bolt sections, whereby when the terminaltie-bolt sections are engaged with the nuts and are tightened byadjustment eXteriorly of the walls of the structure the strain appliedto the lnembersof the structure is the same as though a continuous tierod or bolt were to be used extending from one wall of the building tothe diametrically opposite wall. In other words, the advantage of thisarrangement is that the boarding and sheathing are relieved of strain,and the only strain which is applied to the wall-sectionsis to theframes thereof by the terminal bearing of, for instance, the end-wallsections against the extremities of the side walls. This provides forforcing the contiguous edges of the several side-wall sections intoclose contact, and thus insuring an efficient bearing of the sections attheir meeting edges. The endwall tie-bolts are correspondinglyconstructed, with the exception that, as illustrated, the tie-boltsections extending inwardly from opposite side walls of the building arethreaded into a common right and left threaded nut 28, locatedcontiguous to the meeting edges of the end-wall sections. In the sameway the sectional construction of tie-rods is applied to theroof-sections of the structure, each intermediate roof -section carryingright and left threaded nuts 29, attached to the extremities of theintermediate tie-bo1t sections and adapted to he engaged by thecontiguous ends of the terminal tie-bolt sections in order that when thetie-bolts are tightened by the adjustment of the terminal sections apractically continuous rod will be formed, extending from one end Wallto the other.

The lower edges of the roof-sections are anchored by means of links 30,having terminal eyes, which are fitted, respectively, upon the upperside-wall tie-rods 20 and the lower roof tie-rods 23, said links in theconstruction illustrated being arranged in the planes of the jointsbetween the side-wall and roof sections; but it will be understood thatwhile this is a convenient arrangement it is possible to materially varythese positions in order to secure the desired results in connectionwith buildings of different sizes and designed for different purposeswithout varying the principle of the construction. In addition to theanchor-links which are arranged with in the building I also preferablyemploy auxiliary links 30, connecting the tie-rods 20 and 23 in contactwith the exterior surfaces of the end walls, as shown.

The upper ends of the roof-sections are anchored by means of tensileroof-braces 31, which are of sectional construction and are terminallyattached, respectively, to the upper side-wall tie-bolts 20 at one sideof the building and the upper roof tie-bolts 22 at the opposite side ofthe building, the contiguous ends of the brace-sections being threadedinto right and left threaded nuts 32 or being otherwise connected bymeans adapted for varying the tension of the braces. The abovedescribedarrangement of the roof-braces applies the strain thereof to each upperroof tiebolt in a direction approximately perpendicular to the plane ofthose roof-sections by which said tie-bolt is carried, whereby anyoutward strain applied to the roofsections will be resisted directly bythe roof-braces, with no tendency to twisting and without subjectingthem to any transverse strain. As additional means for insuring theproper relative positions of the roof-sections I preferably connect theupper roof tie-bolts by means of tie-links 33, which in the constructionillustrated are arranged interiorly of the end walls, but may bedisposed between said bolts at any other preferred points; also, undersome circumstances it is desirable to employ anchor-rods 34:, extendingfrom the lower roof tie-bolts-to anchor-pins 35,arranged exteriorly ofthe structure, as shown in Fig. 1.

From the above description it will be seen that the structure embodyingmy invention may be knocked down for storage or transportation by thedisconnection of the several tie-bolts and roof-braces and may bereassembled at the desired point without the use of tools other than awrench or the equivalent thereof for securing the desired tension ofsaid bolts and braces, and, furthermore, that the number of sectionsinto which the several wall and roof members of the building may bedivided in order to secure the desired facility of erection andtransportation may be varied to suit the dimensions of the structure,and that various other changes in the form, proportion, and the minordetails of construction may be resorted to without departing from thespirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of this invention.

Having described my invention, what I claim is 1. In a portablebuilding, the combination with side walls and a roof composed ofseparable sections, of tie-bolts arranged parallel, respectively, withthe walls and roof members, and adjustable tensile braces connectingupper wall tie-rods with the roof tie-rods, substantially as specified.

2. In a portable building, the combination with walls and a roofcomposed of separable sections, the roof being of pitched construction,of tie-bolts arranged respectively parallel with the walls and roofmembers, anchor-links connecting the wall tie-bolts with the lower rooftie-bolts,and adjustable tensile braces connecting the wall tie-boltswith upper roof tie-bolts, substantially as specified.

3. In a portable building, the combination with a roof and walls eachcomposed of a plurality of separable sections, and having framesrespectively including rafters and studs, of tie-bolts extending throughregistering openings in said frame members and having bearings againstexterior surfaces of opposite walls, and connections between thetie-rods of the wall-sections and those of the roof-sections,substantially as specified.

4. In a portable building, the combination with a roof and side wallseach composed of separable sections, of sectional tie-bolts arrangedrespectively parallel with the roof and wall sections, the remoteextremities of the terminal tie-bolt sections being headed posite walls,and the contiguous extremities of adjoining tie-bolt sections beingconnected by engaged. adjusting devices, and connections between thetie-bolts of the side walls as specified.

5. In a portable building, the combination with a roof and walls eachcomposed of separable sections, of tie-bolts arranged respeceachcomposed of a plurality of sections corresponding in number with therespective walls, the intermediate wall and roof sections carryingpermanently-attached tie-bolt sections, provided with terminaladjustingnuts for engagement with the contiguous ends of terminaltie-bolt sections, and means for connecting the tie-bolts of theWall-sections with those of the roof-sections, substantially asspecified.

6. In a portable building, the combination of a roof and walls eachcomposed of a plurality of separable sections, each section having aframe and an exterior sheathing, tierods parallel with the planes,respectively, of the wall and roof sections for connecting the same inseries, and roof-securing devices connecting the tie-bolts of the wallswith those of locked at their contiguous edges,substantially asspecified.

7. In a portable building, the combination of a roof and walls eachcomposed of a plurality of separable sections, each section having aframe and an exterior sheathing, tierods parallel with the planes,respectively, of the wall and roof sections for. connecting the same inseries, and roof-securing devices connecting the tie-bolts of the wallswith those of the roof, the sheathing sections being provided at theircontiguous edges respectively with flanges and flange-receiving grooves,substantially as specified.

8. In a portable building, the combination of a roof and walls eachcomposed of aplurality of separable sections, each section having aframe and an exterior sheathing, tierods parallel with the planes,respectively, of the wall and roof sections for connecting the same inseries, and roof-securing devices connecting the tie-bolts of the wallswith those of the roof, the sheathing-sections being pr0= for contactwith the exterior surfaces of opand those of the roof-sections,substantially tively parallel with the roof and walls, and.

the roof, the sheathing-sections being intervided with interlockedcontiguous edges, and the sheathing-sections atthe cone of the roofhaving overlapping flanges, substantially as specified.

9. In a portable building, the combination of side and end walls, and aroof, each composed of a plurality of separable sections, upper andlower tie bolts arranged respectively parallel with the wall and roofsections, anchor-links connecting the upper side-wall tie-bolts with thelower roof tie-bolts, and tensile braces connecting the upper side-walltiebolts with the upper roof tie-bolts, the braces extending fromopposite sides of the structure being disposed in intersectingplanes,and consisting of adjustable sections connected by threadedadjusting devices, substantially as specified.

10. In a portable building, the combination with sectional side and endwalls and a sectional hipped roof, of longitudinal and transversetie-bolts arranged respectively parallel with and engaging the frameworkof theside and end wall sections, upper and lower tiebolts connectingthe roof -sectio'ns, anchorlinks connecting side-wall tie-bolts with thelower roof tie-bolts, adjustable tensile braces connecting side-walltie-bo1ts with upper roof tie-bolts, and tie-links transverselyconnecting the upper roof tie-bolts, substantially as specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my ownIhave hereto affixed mysignature in the presence of two witnesses.

EMMERSON E. DUNBAR.

Witnesses:

GEo. A. EVERETT, N. F. CARMoN.

